Buerger's disease, also known as thromboangiitis obliterans or thromboangiitis, is a serious inflammatory disease of small and medium-sized arteries and veins, mainly in the legs. Less commonly, arteries in the hands also become narrowed or blocked, causing insufficient blood supply to the fingers. Severe blockage causes finger pain and tissue death, requiring amputation of the affected fingers. Inflammation of the superficial veins and symptoms of Raynaud's disease also occur. The pathology is characterized by the obliteration of the lumen of the blood vessels, which can lead to ischemia (lack of blood supply) and tissue necrosis. Several possible causes of Buerger's disease: smoking; genetic predisposition; autoimmune processes; age - the disease occurs more often in young patients, usually under 50 years of age; hormonal factors; viral infections; chronic stress; infectious agents – some bacteria or other infectious agents may play a role in the development of the disease; systemic connective tissue diseases; High blood pressure – High blood pressure can increase the risk of developing Buerger's disease.
Signals:
- leg pain
- pain in toes
- finger pain
- big toe swelling
- ankle swelling
- hair loss
- leg cramps
- increased concentration of protein in urine - proteinuria
- apprehensive
- lameness
- erectile dysfunction
- skin ulcers
- foot ulcers
De Quervain's disease is an inflammatory disease of the thumb tendons, manifested by pain in the wrist region. This pathology was first described by the Swiss surgeon Fritz de Quervain in 1895. He performed surgery to release the compressed tendons. De Quervain's disease is more common in women and is caused by prolonged stress on the hand and thumb due to repetitive wrist movements. For example, when constantly using a smartphone, holding heavy objects with one hand. The risk of developing the syndrome is increased in representatives of professions associated with active work with hands - hairdressers, seamstresses, bricklayers, pianists. Also risk factors are pregnancy and postpartum period, rheumatoid arthritis. The mechanism of development of the pathological condition is as follows. The tendons of the wrist extensor muscles pass under the retinaculum ligament on the dorsal surface of the lower third of the forearm. In this area there are 6 channels along which the tendons slide. With frequent movements of the hand, there is an increase in friction of these tendons against the walls of the canal. As a result, swelling occurs, causing the canal to narrow, which disrupts the normal sliding of the tendons and causes sharp pain in the wrist when moving the thumb.
Signals:
- pain with significant extension and abduction of the thumb
- Wrist pain
- finger pain
- forearm pain
- finger deformity
- burning in the wrist
- numbness in fingers - paresthesia
- swelling of the hands
- finger stiffness
- decreased finger strength
- decreased range of motion
Bursitis is an inflammation of the bursae that surround a joint. As a rule, the disease affects the large joints of the upper extremities. The bursae of the fingers can also be affected, but this occurs less frequently. During exacerbations of bursitis, applying cold will help: the pain will subside and the inflammation will subside. In chronic forms of the disease, physiotherapy and drug injections are prescribed. In particularly advanced cases, doctors resort to surgical interventions.
Signals:
- finger pain
- swelling of fingers
- skin redness
- thickening of the bursa
Secondary syphilis is the second stage of infection caused by the bacteria Treponema pallidum. Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infectious disease. Secondary syphilis develops several weeks or months after the primary infection (primary syphilis) and is characterized by the spread of infection throughout the body. Causes: The cause of secondary syphilis is the continuation of infection with the bacteria Treponema pallidum after the primary stage of syphilis. Here are some factors that can contribute to the development of secondary syphilis: insufficient or inadequate treatment of primary syphilis, non-adherence to treatment, late initiation of treatment, unprotected sexual intercourse with an infected partner; weak immunity.
Signals:
- white coating on the tongue
- pain in toes
- finger pain
- headache
- red eyes (hyperemia)
- unusual vaginal discharge
- chills and tremors
- toe swelling
- swelling of fingers
- rash
- swollen lymph nodes
A dislocated finger is a pathological condition in which the articular surfaces of the phalanges of the fingers are displaced and no longer congruent with each other. Fingers are affected more often than toes. A dislocated finger can occur in any of the joints of any finger, but most commonly occurs in the middle joint of the little finger, ring finger, middle finger, or index finger. A dislocated finger is always caused by force applied to the nail phalanx. For example: during sports, the ball may hit the tip of an outstretched finger; falling onto an outstretched arm. The cause of finger injury is usually a domestic or sports injury: forced hyperextension or blow to the finger area. A dislocated toe occurs as a result of a jump or fall. .
Signals:
- finger pain
- finger deformity
- numbness in fingers - paresthesia
- swelling of fingers
- finger stiffness
- decreased finger strength
- crushing finger joints
Diabetic neuropathy is a complication of diabetes mellitus, the causes of which may include: prolonged high blood sugar levels, inadequate treatment of diabetes mellitus, metabolic disorders, damage to nerve cells and blood vessels, genetic predisposition, autoimmune reactions, chronic stress, insufficiency physical movement, smoking, alcohol and drug abuse, eating disorders, metabolic syndrome, high cholesterol, hypertension, obesity, age-related changes, infections, inflammatory processes in the body, prolonged use of certain medications and circulatory disorders.
Signals:
- finger pain
- diarrhea - diarrhea
- burning sensation in the lower leg
- delayed ejaculation
- difficulty urinating
- itchy skin
- numbness in toes
- numbness in fingers - paresthesia
- numbness in the hands - paresthesia
- loss of bowel control
- loss of sensation in the legs
- loss of sensation in the hands
- finger stiffness
- leg cramps
- fast heartbeat - tachycardia
- apprehensive
- lameness
- chronic constipation
- excessive sweating – hyperhidrosis
Nails are purulent inflammatory formations on the skin or mucous membranes, caused by the penetration of bacteria into small affected areas, and can be caused by the following reasons: trauma or damage to the skin, infections with staphylococci, streptococci, enterobacteria, pneumococci, fungal infections, periodontitis , immunodeficiency conditions, wounds after surgery, burns, wounds caused by animal bites, dental infections, inadequate diet, gum disease, abrasions or cracks in the skin, weak immunity, self-conditioning (self-mutilation), hypovitaminosis, personal hygiene problems, misuse of contraceptives, contact with contaminated objects, broad spectrum antibiotics, lymphatic system dysfunction and damage to mucous membranes.
Signals:
- finger pain
- skin inflammation - eczema
- skin thinning
- brittle hair and nails
- skin redness
- dry skin
Dupuytren's contracture, also called Dupuytren's disease, is an abnormal thickening of the fascia, a layer of tissue under the skin, in the palm of the hand at the base of the fingers. This thickened area may take the form of a bulge or dense band. Over time, it leads to the bending of one or more fingers, pulling them to the side or into the palm. The ring and little fingers are most affected. In many cases, both hands are affected. In rare cases, the feet may be affected. Dupuytren's contracture is hereditary. The exact cause of the disease is unknown. It may be due to smoking, alcoholism, diabetes, nutritional deficiencies, or medications used to treat seizures. This disease usually begins in middle age. More common in men than women. Smokers and people with diabetes are at increased risk of developing the disease.
Signals:
- pain in one arm
- finger pain
- hand pain
- finger deformity
- muscle weakness
- swelling of fingers
- finger stiffness
- weakness in the hands
- lump or lump
Radial nerve neuropathy is a dysfunction of the radiocarpal nerve. The following conditions can put pressure on the radial nerve, causing pinched nerves and neuropathic pain: radial tunnel syndrome; radial nerve palsy; Wartenberg syndrome. Other causes of radial nerve problems include: infections; overuse injuries or prolonged pressure on hands from casts or splints; complications from surgeries such as shoulder replacements; injuries, including accidents, gunshots and stabbings; tumors or cysts. A broken arm or dislocated shoulder can damage the radial nerve.
Signals:
- Wrist pain
- hand pain
- elbow pain
- finger pain
- forearm pain
- hand pain
- limited wrist mobility
- limitation of hand mobility
- swelling of the hands
- loss of sensation in the hands
- hand stiffness
Onychodystrophy is a condition characterized by changes in the structure, color or shape of the nails, and its causes may be due to trauma or damage to the nail plate, infections such as fungal infections or bacterial paronychia, poor circulation in the nail area, congenital nail abnormalities, susceptibility to chemical or physical nail insults such as contact with harsh chemicals or trauma from repeated blows, immune system disorders, inflammatory diseases such as psoriasis or eczema, autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus or rheumatoid arthritis, dermatological conditions such as lichen planus or pyoderma, endocrine disorders such as diabetes or hypothyroidism, effects of medications such as retinoids or chemotherapy, bad habits such as irregular nail handling or nail biting, metabolic disorders, vitamin or mineral deficiencies, especially iron or zinc, stress or psychological factors, systemic diseases such as systemic scleroderma or leukemia, oncological processes in the body, increased moisture loss or dehydration, prolonged and constant exposure to moisture or exposure of nails to mechanical pressure.
Signals:
- finger pain
- grooves in the skin
- skin inflammation - eczema
- skin thinning
- brittle hair and nails
Panaritium is an inflammatory disease that affects the fingers or toes. Causes of the pathology include trauma, microtrauma infection, improper handling of sharp objects, nail damage, insect bites, poor hygiene, diabetic neuropathy, immunodeficiency conditions, exposure to chemicals, contact with contaminated water, alcohol poisoning or drugs, certain professions associated with contact with harmful substances, systemic connective tissue diseases, circulatory disorders, endocrine disorders, autoimmune diseases, ARVI and other infectious diseases, circulatory disorders, damage to arteries and veins, chronic diseases of organs such as liver and kidneys, aging.
Signals:
- finger pain
- hand pain
- pustules
- finger deformity
- itchy skin
- brittle hair and nails
A finger fracture is a violation of the integrity of the bones of one of the fingers of the upper limb. Finger fractures can vary in nature and location. A closed fracture occurs as a result of trauma, such as falling on your hand or pinching a finger. An open fracture is characterized by the protrusion of the bone through the skin, which can occur with severe trauma, such as an accident or injury with a sharp object. A fracture of the basal phalanx is usually caused by a blow to the top of the finger, like a hammer. A fracture of the middle phalanx can be the result of a direct blow to the middle part of the finger or a strong compression. A fracture of the distal phalanx can occur due to trauma, such as a fall or a sharp blow to the fingertip. A stress fracture is often associated with repetitive microtrauma or overuse, such as in athletes or those who frequently use their arms for repetitive movements.
Signals:
- finger pain
- bone protrusion from the skin
- swelling of fingers
- skin redness
- finger stiffness
Wrist joint injuries are injuries that can affect bony and soft joint tissues, including bones, tendons, ligaments, and muscles. A wrist sprain occurs when ligaments are torn due to overextension, physical impact, or a fall. Wrist sprain syndrome is a wrist disorder, also called ulnar abduction, that occurs when the ulna is slightly longer than the radius. It usually develops after a wrist fracture heals in an atypical manner and makes the wrist joint between this bone and the wrist bones less stable. Wrist arthritis can occur in any wrist joint due to normal wear and tear or injury to the wrist. Carpal tunnel syndrome occurs when the median nerve is compressed. It can be caused by repetitive strain on the wrist, high blood pressure or diabetes.
Signals:
- Wrist pain
- hand pain
- finger pain
- limited wrist mobility
- limitation of hand mobility
- swelling of the hands
- hand stiffness
Finger polyarthritis is an inflammation of three or more joints at the same time. There are more than 100 different types of polyarthritis with different causes and treatments. The most common are: rheumatoid polyarthritis and psoriatic polyarthritis. Polyarthritis of the fingers can be caused by the following reasons: wear of the phalangeal joint due to excessive load; age; injuries; autoimmune diseases; genetic predisposition, family history; muscle weakness. Symptoms of polyarthritis usually develop over time, but they can also appear suddenly. The typical age to develop rheumatoid arthritis is between 30 and 50 years old. However, it can also affect children, teenagers and young adults. Osteoarthritis usually develops after age 50 or 60, but there are studies that show radiographic signs of osteoarthritis in women as young as 40.
Signals:
- pain with significant extension and abduction of the thumb
- finger pain
- finger deformity
- curvature of the little finger and ring finger
- numbness in fingers - paresthesia
- swelling of fingers
- finger stiffness
- crushing finger joints
A sprain of the soft tissues of the hand is a violation of the integrity of a ligament, tendon or muscle. The most vulnerable to sprains are the ligaments. A soft tissue strain can occur when a joint becomes unnaturally twisted due to a sudden twist caused by a fall. The most common injuries to the soft tissues of the hand are injuries to the muscles, tendons and ligaments. These injuries often occur during sports and exercise, but sometimes simple everyday activities can cause injuries. Sprains, strains, bruises, as well as tendinitis and bursitis are the main forms of injuries.
Signals:
- Wrist pain
- hand pain
- finger pain
- limited wrist mobility
- limitation of hand mobility
- swelling of the hands
- hand stiffness
Rheumatoid arthritis of the hands is a chronic inflammatory disease that can affect more than just the joints. In some people, the disease can cause damage to multiple body systems, including the skin, eyes, lungs, heart, and blood vessels. An autoimmune disease, rheumatoid arthritis of the hands, occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks your own body's tissues. Factors that increase the risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis: gender – women are more likely to develop rheumatoid arthritis; age - rheumatoid arthritis of the hands and fingers can occur at any age, but most often it begins to develop in middle age; family history - the risk of developing the disease increases if at least one of the blood relatives has rheumatoid arthritis; smoking - due to nicotine consumption, rheumatoid arthritis develops more quickly and occurs with more acute symptoms; Overweight – Patients who are overweight are at a slightly higher risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis.
Signals:
- hand pain
- finger pain
- high temperature - hyperpyrexia
- finger deformity
- chills and tremors
- swelling of fingers
- loss of appetite
- problems grasping objects with your hand
- hand stiffness
- finger stiffness
- decreased finger strength
Sickle cell anemia is a pathology that belongs to a group of hereditary diseases. The disease affects the shape of red blood cells, which carry oxygen to all parts of the body. Red blood cells are generally round and flexible, so they move easily through blood vessels. In sickle cell anemia, some red blood cells are shaped like a sickle or crescent. Sickle cells also become stiff and sticky, which can slow or block blood flow. Sickle cell anemia is caused by a change in the gene that controls the production of hemoglobin. Hemoglobin allows red blood cells to carry oxygen from the lungs throughout the body. Abnormal hemoglobin causes red blood cells to become stiff, sticky and deformed. For a child to contract the disease, both the mother and father must possess one copy of the sickle cell gene – also known as sickle cell trait – and pass both copies of the altered form to the child.
Signals:
- chest pain
- bone pain (ossalgia)
- finger pain
- joint pain - arthralgia
- sausage-like inflammation of the fingers
- dwarfism
- iron deficiency - anemia
- leg swelling
- swelling of fingers
- swelling of the hands
- yellowing of the skin and pupils of the eyes - jaundice
- loss of consciousness - fainting
- decreased vision
- fast heartbeat - tachycardia
- chronic fatigue - increased fatigue
Thrombosis is a total or partial blockage of the lumen of a vessel by a parietal or mobile thrombus. Thrombosis in a vein is caused by venous congestion due to long periods of immobility, increased blood clotting due to chemical imbalances or damage to the vein. Most cases of thrombosis in an artery are the result of atherosclerosis, a hardening and narrowing of the artery walls. There are also certain risk factors that can increase the likelihood of developing blood clots: older age; pregnancy; some contraceptive medications; hormone replacement therapy; lack of physical activity; obesity; smoke; infection; autoimmune diseases; hand injury; surgery; hereditary vascular diseases; previous blood clots.
Signals:
- finger pain
- hand pain
- shortness of breath - dyspnea
- numbness in the hands - paresthesia
- swelling of the hands
Pre-eclampsia is a complication that occurs in the later stages of pregnancy. It becomes one of the factors that provoke swelling of the fingers. Furthermore, the problem is characterized by: frequent headaches, abnormal swelling of the face and fingers, blurred vision, weight gain and abdominal pain. Early treatment of preeclampsia is critical to ensuring a safe pregnancy and birth. It includes taking medications, constant monitoring by a doctor, and in rare cases, early labor.
When should you see a doctor if you have pain in your fingers?
You should make an appointment with your doctor if:
- the pain in the fingers is severe or interferes with normal activities;
- pain increases at night;
- the pain did not subside after home treatment for a week;
- there is tingling or loss of sensation in the hand;
- have a history of diabetes;
- cannot move the thumb or hold objects;
- the phalanges changed shape or color.
Diagnosis
Based on the results of the initial examination, the doctor may prescribe:
- stool analysis for dysbiosis
- blood analysis
- vitamin D test
- arthroscopy
- biopsy
- skin biopsy
- lymph node biopsy
- blood chemistry
- bronchoscopy
- dermoscopy
- duplex scanning of the lower extremities
- immunological study
- polymerase chain reaction test
- Finkelstein Research
- Eichof's research
- skin tests
- computerized angiography
- computed angiography of the lower extremities
- chest computed tomography
- computed tomography of the hand
- computed tomography of the lungs
- computed tomography of lymph nodes
- computed tomography of the wrist joint
- computed tomography of neck vessels
- MRI of the hand
- MRI of lymph nodes
- MRI of the wrist joint
- magnetic resonance imaging of the heart
- magnetic resonance imaging of joints
- microscopic examination of a smear
- x-ray
- chest X-ray
- X-ray of the hand
- chest X-ray
- X-ray of the wrist joint
- x-ray of the lower extremities
- X-ray of a finger
- finger x-ray
- X-ray of the esophagus
- serological test
- thoracentesis
- ultrasound examination of the abdominal cavity
- Ultrasound examination of the veins of the upper extremities
- ultrasound examination of the brain - neurosonography
- Ultrasound examination of the hand
- Ultrasound examination of the wrist joint
- Ultrasound examination of the soft tissues of the hand and arm
- ultrasound examination of the spleen
- Ultrasound examination of the heart - echocardiography
- chest fluorography
- electroneuromyography
How to relieve finger pain?
The following tips can help relieve finger pain at home:
- apply ice packs for 20 minutes every 2-3 hours;
- analgesics;
- stop or reduce activities that cause pain, such as typing, using vibrating tools at work, or playing a musical instrument;
- do not take hot baths, do not go to the sauna or bathhouse in the first 2-3 days after the injury;
- do not lift heavy objects.